\ †g‡nicyi
cÖwZwbwa \
AvR 17 B
GwcÖj | w`bwU ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg Z_v gyw³hy‡×i BwZnv‡m GKwU ¯§ibxq w`b| 40 eQi
Av‡M GB w`‡b evsjv‡`‡ki A¯’vqx miKvi kc_ wb‡qwQj †g‡nicy‡ii ˆe`¨bv_Zjvi GK
AvgevMv‡b | Avi †mw`b †_‡K H RvqMvi bvg e`‡j ivLv nq gywRebMi| cÖevmx A¯’vqx
miKv‡ii ivRavbx| GKvˇii †mB AwMœSiv w`b¸‡jv cÖwZ‡iva Pj‡Q me©Î | Gi g‡a¨ 17
GwcÖj MVb Kiv nq cÖevmx miKvi | gywRebMi miKviB
`xN© 9 gv‡mi gnvb gyw³hy× cwiPvjbv K‡i | cieZx©‡Z evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv AR©b
K‡i | gywRebMi ZvB ev½vjxi BwZnv‡m cÖRb¥-cÖRgvšÍ‡ii GK A¤øvb ¯§„wZ | RvwZi RbK
e½eÜz †kL gywRei ingv‡bi bv‡gB gywRebM‡ii bvgKiY| gyw³hy‡×i ivR‰bwZK I
cÖvwZôvwbK †bZ…Z¡`vbKvix `j AvIqvgxjxM miKvi ¶gZvq Avmvi ci gywRibMi‡K bZzb
cÖRb¥ I ch©UK‡`i wbKU AvKl©Yxq K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ GKwU Kg‡cø· M‡o †Zvjvi Kg©m~Px
†bq| GB Kg‡cø‡·i KvR ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ 30 GKi Rwgi Dci gywRebMi Kg‡cø· ¯’vcb
cÖK‡íi KvR nq|
"‡mw`‡bi ¯§„wZ"
1971 mv‡ji 17 GwcÖj w`bwU wQj kwbevi |
evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii kc_ MÖn‡bi e¨vcv‡i K‡Vvi †MvcbxqZv i¶v Kiv nq| cvK evwnbxi
wegvb nvgjvi AvksKvq GB †MvcbxqZv | ïaygvÎ ZLb KjKvZvq †cÖmK¬v‡e nvwRi _vK‡Z
ejv nq| mKvj 6Uvi g‡a¨B KjKvZv †cÖmK¬v‡e
K‡qKk we‡`kx I fviZxq mvsevw`K Ges wUwf K¨v‡givg¨vb wfo Rgvq| evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶
GKRb Kg©KZ©v †cÖmK¬v‡e nvwRi n‡q mvsevw`K‡`i ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| wZwb mvsevw`K‡`i
AvMvg †Kvb wKQz bv Rvwb‡q kyaygvÎ Zv‡`i Mvwo Abymib Ki‡Z Aby‡iva K‡ib|
mvsevw`KMb
ZLbI Rv‡bb bv, Zviv gyw³hy‡×i BwZnv‡mi GK `yjf© NUbvi msev` Kfvi Ki‡Z hv‡”Q|
KjKvZv kni cvi n‡q Mvwoi eni K…òbMi kni Awfgy‡L iIbv nq| Zvici K…òbMi cvi n‡q
evsjv‡`‡ki mxgv‡¯Íi w`‡K AvMvB‡Z _v‡K | `xN© c_ cvwo w`‡q Mvwoi eni AvuKvevuKv
KvuPv c_ a‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wfZi cÖ‡ek K‡i| GK ms‡M †g‡Uv c‡_ GZ Mvwo Pjvq Pvwiw`K
a~jvq Av”Qvw`Z n‡q hvq| mevB nvwRi n‡jb ZrKvjxb Kzwóqv †Rjvi mxgvšÍeZx©
†g‡nicyi gnKzgvi ˆe`¨bv_ Zjvi wekvj AvgevMv‡b | GKKv‡ji GK wn›`y Rwg`v‡ii GB
AvgevMv‡bi bZzb bvg KiY Kiv nq gywRebMi| mKvj n‡Z wekvj Qvqveb AvgevMv‡b DrmyK
RbZvi wfo| Lvwj Mv‡q †Q‡jiv e‡m Av‡m AvgevMv‡bi Wv‡j Wv‡j| wKšÍ †KDB Rv‡b bv,
Zviv †Kvb HwZnvwmK NUbv cÖZ¨ÿ Kivi †mŠfvM¨
AR©b Ki‡Z hv‡”Qb| †mLv‡b ‡cŠ‡Q mevB
Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb welqwU|
1957 mv‡ji
23 Ryb cjvkxi Ggwb GK AvgªKvb‡b evsjvi ¯^vaxbZvi m~h© A¯ÍwgZ n‡qwQj| wVK Gi 214
eQi ci cjvkxi A`y‡i Av‡iK AvgevMv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi bZzb m~h© Dw`Z n‡Z
hv‡”Q| Avg evMv‡bi Pvwiw`‡K ivB‡dj nv‡Z Kov cÖniv ewm‡qwQj exi gyw³‡hv×viv|
Drmvnx RbZv †`L‡Q HwZnvwmK gyûZ©wU| wUwf µz I d‡Uv mvsevw`Kiv gb f‡i Qwe
Zzj‡Qb| gy³ AvKv‡ki wb‡P †PŠwK †c‡Z ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q kc_ gÂ| g‡Âi Dci mvRv‡bv 6
Lvbv †Pqvi | evgcv‡k K‡qKLvbv †Pqvi wQj mvsevw`K†`i Rb¨| Abyôv‡bi cÖ‡ek c‡_
evsjvq †jLv ¯^vMZg| ¯’vbxq mgq ‡ejv 11Uv †e‡R 50 wgwb‡U bZzb iv‡óªi †bZviv G‡jb
Rx‡c P‡o| RbZv Rqevsjv †køvMvb Zz‡j †d‡U co‡jv | g‡Â D‡V G‡jb A¯’vqx †cÖwm‡W›U ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg | Zvi
wcQ‡b ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g` ,L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g` ,G GBP Gg Kvgiæ¾vgvb, K¨v‡Þb gbmyi
Avjx I †Rbv‡ij GwR Imgvwb| Avmb MÖnYce© †k‡l Abyôvbm~Px †Nvlbv Ki‡jb Gg G
gvbœvb | cweÎ †KviAvb †Zjvqv‡Zi gva¨‡g gyj Abyôvb k~iæ nq | AvIqvgxjx‡Mi msm`xq `‡ji Pxd ûBc BDmyd
Avwj HwZnvwmK `wjj ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlbvcÎ
cvV K‡ib | Gi mv‡_ mv‡_ A¯’vqx †cÖwm‡W›U bRiæj Bmjvg , cÖavbgš¿x c‡` ZvRDwÏb
Avn‡g`, ciivóªgš¿x c‡` L›`Kvi †gvmZvK Avn‡g`,¯^ivóªgš¿x c‡` GBP Gg Kvgiæ¾vgvb
Ges A_©gš¿x wn‡m‡e K¨v‡Þb gbmyi Avwji bvg †Nvlbv K‡ib| Avi gyw³hy‡×i mev©wabvqK
I †mbvevwnbxi Pxd Ae ÷vd c‡` h_vµ‡g GwR Imgvbx I †Rbv‡ij Avãyi i‡ei wb‡qv‡Mi
†Nvlbv †`qv n‡jv| Gici bZzb miKvi A¯’vqx
†cÖwm‡W›U,gš¿xeM© I †mbvevwnbx cÖavb‡K kc_evK¨ cvV Kivb Aa¨vcK BDmyd Avwj | Z‡e
G Abyôv‡b e½eÜz †kL gywRei ingvb Dcw¯’Z bv _vK‡jI evi evi D”PvwiZ nq Zvi bvg|
kc_ MÖn‡bi ci A¯’vqx †cÖwm‡W›U I gš¿x cwil‡`i m`m¨eM©‡K GK`j gyw³‡hv×v Avbmvi
†Z‡RvÏxß f½x‡Z MvW© Ae Abvi cÖ`vb K‡ib| cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g` e‡jb, Avgiv hv
wKQz K‡iwQ meB gywR‡ei wb‡`©‡k| G Abyôv‡b RvZxq msMxZ cwi‡ekb K‡ib †g‡nicy‡ii
giûg Aa¨vcK Avmv`yj nK ,wc›Uz wek¦vm ,kvnvewÏb †m›Uz cÖgyL| G Abyôvb †_‡K
A¯’vqx †cÖwm‡W›U I cÖavb gš¿x wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q bZzb iv‡óªi KzU‰bwZK ¯^xK…wZ `vb I
mvgwiK mvnv‡h¨i Av‡e`b Rvbvb| evsjv‡`‡ki 169 Rb RvZxq msm` m`‡m¨i g‡a¨ 167 Rb
Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| AvbyôvwbK miKvi MV‡bi ci mK‡jB fvi‡Z P‡j hvb|
gywRebMi gyw³hy× ¯§„wZ Kg‡cø· cÖK‡íi †fŠZ AeKvVv‡gvi bvbv mgm¨v
HwZnvwmK gywRebMi gyw³hy× ¯§„wZ
Kg‡cø· cÖKí 100 fvM wbgv©b KvR AvRI m¤ú~b© nqwb | †fŠZ AeKvVv‡gvi bvbv mgm¨v
i‡q †M‡Q| GQvov ¯^vaxbZvi m~wZKvMvi †g‡nicyi †Rjvi gywRe bMi evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g
A¯’vqx ivRavbx n‡jI ivwóªqfv‡e 17 GwcÖj
gywRe bMi w`e‡mi gh©v`v cvBwb | G w`b miKvix QzwU †Nvlbv Kiv nqbv| QzwU bv
_vKvq wewfbœ ¯‹zj K‡j‡Ri QvÎ/QvÎx I wk¶Kiv wk¶v cÖwZôvb †Q‡o gywRebMi w`e‡m
gywRebM‡ii Abyôv‡b †hvM`vb Kiv‡Z cv‡ibv|
1971mvj †_‡K 1991mvj ch©všÍ 20 eQi gywRebMi wQj Ae‡nwjZ| 1991 mv‡j Gikv` miKvi
15 †KvwU UvKv e¨‡q wbgv©b K‡i gywRebMi †mŠwZ‡mŠa ,†i÷ nvDR ,†Zvib Ges gywRebMi
cvVvMvi I K¬ve | AvIqvgxjxM miKvi gywRebMi‡K ch©Ub †K›`ª wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶
30 GKi Rwgi Dci ïiæ K‡i gywRebMi Kg‡cø· ¯’vc‡bi KvR | Z‡e AvgjvZvwš¿K RwUjZv,
bKkv ˆZwi‡Z k¤¢KMwZ, Avw_©K msKUmn wewfbœ Kvi‡b AvRI †kl nqwb gywRebMi‡K
AvaywbK ch©Ub †K›`ª wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi KvR |
gywRebMi Kg‡cø·
¯’vcb cÖK‡íi ïiæUv wQj bvbv mgm¨v RR©wiZ| cÖK‡íi Ab¨Zg µwU wQj bKkv Qvov GK‡b‡K
cÖK‡íi Aby‡gv`b †`qv | evsjv†`k cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vjq bKkv ‰Zwii KvR K‡i|
evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwP‡Îi KvR 2005 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K ïiæ n‡q 2006 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS bvMv`
†kl nIqvi K_v _vK‡jI 2010 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m †kl n‡q‡Q| gywRebMi Kg‡cø‡·i ¯’vcb cÖK‡íi Kv‡R ¯’vbxq
miKvi , WvK I †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM M„nvqb I Mbc~Z© ,cwi‡ek I eb mgvR Kj¨vY, ag©
,¯^ivóª Ges wk¶v gš¿Yvjqmn 11wU gš¿Yvjq A_© eivÏ w`‡jI gyj ZË¡veav‡b i‡q‡Q
Mbc~Z© gš¿Yvjq| gyj ¯§„wZ‡mŠa AhZœ Ae‡njvq c‡o _v‡K , †hb †`Lvi †KD †bB|
GQvov Dc‡Rjv
wbevnx Kg©KZv©, †Pqvig¨vb , bb‡M‡R‡UW †KvqvUvi ,Wi‡gUwi feb , AfvšÍwib mWK
,ms‡hvM mWK, wkï cwievi ,wWwRUvj †Uwj‡dvb GK‡PÄ, gmwR`, WvKNi wbg©v‡bi KvR
BwZg‡a¨ †kl n‡q‡Q| m~Î g‡Z 2002 mv‡ji 15 GwcÖj gywRebMi gyw³hy× ¯§„wZ‡K›`ª
wbgv©b cÖK‡íi wcwc KvUQvU K‡i gyj bKkvq evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwP‡Î UvÝwgkb †m›Uv‡ii mvg‡b ¯^vaxbZvi †Nvlbv cÎ
cv_‡ii A_ev UvBj‡mi dj‡K ¯’vcb ,gyw³‡hv×v ¯§„wZ Rv`yN‡ii cÖ‡ek c_ †_‡K K‡¶i AfvšÍ‡ii
wecixZ w`‡K `„k©gvb ZrKvjxb cÖevmx miKv‡ii mKj m`‡m¨i Qwe ,evsjv GKv‡Wwg KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ
eB wewµ †K›`ª I 5 nvRvi MÖš’ msiÿ‡bi Rb¨ MÖš’vMvi "exi ev½vjx A¯¿ ai
evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb Ki" †¯øvMvb msewjZ
¯Í¤¢ Ges ¯Í‡¤¢i D‡©× DwP‡q aiv ivB‡d‡ji b‡j evav ¯^vaxb evsjvi cZvKvi
fv¯‹h© ¯’vcb Kivi nq| GB fv¯‹h© 71 mv‡ji 2 gvP© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Kjv fe‡bi
mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z mKj QvÎ †bZvi cÖwZ”Qwe _vK‡e | gywRebMi Kg‡cø‡·i †fZ‡i RvZxq cvwL
†`v‡qj , RvZxq cï i‡qj †e½j UvBMvi ,RvZxq gvQ Bwjk ,RvZxq dzj kvcjv ,RvZxq dj
KvVv‡ji fv¯‹h© ¯’vc‡bi cÖ¯Íve ivLv n‡q‡Q | Mbc~Z© wefv‡Mi wbevnx cÖ‡KŠkjx e‡jb
,1998 mv‡j ïiæ nIqv gywRebMi Kg‡cø‡·i cy‡iv KvR mgqgZ A_© eivÏ †c‡j `ªæZ KvR
†kl Kiv m¤¢e|